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Home-Knee Surgery -Risks and Complications

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Knee Surgery -Risks and Complications

What are the risks and complications of total knee replacement?
What are the signs of  infection and how do I prevent it?
What causes a blood clot and how do I prevent it?
What is a pulmonary embolism and what are the indications? 

Risks and Complications of Total Knee Replacement

All surgeries have certain complications associated with them.  We will discuss some of the more common complications such as infection, blood clots, post op stiffness, and persistent pain, nerve damage, fracture of the bone, loosening of the prosthesis, and dislocation of the artificial knee joint are much rarer complications that may happen. One must understand that there is always the remote risk involved with any major surgery requiring a general anesthetic of stroke, pneumonia, heart attack, or even death.   --back to top--

INFECTION

There is a risk of infection with Total Knee Replacement. Sometimes these are superficial and respond to antibiotics, but occasionally the prosthesis must be removed and reinserted at a later surgery if the infection is severe enough. To prevent this from happening, we use special equipment and antibiotics for several days surrounding the surgery.  Signs of infection are listed below. If you experience any of these symptoms after discharge, notify your surgeon as soon as possible.

  • Increased swelling and redness at the incision site
  • Change in color, amount, odor of drainage
  • Increased pain in knee
  • Fever greater than 101.0 degrees F

Prevention of infection:

  • Take proper care of your incision as instructed at discharge.
  • Notify your physician and dentist that you have a total joint replacement.
  • Take prophylactic (preventative) antibiotics when having dental work or other potentially contaminating procedures. This needs go be done for at least two years after your surgery.  --back to top--

BLOOD CLOTS

Surgery and immobility can cause blood to slow and pool in the legs, creating a blood clot. This is why you take blood thinners after surgery, wear stockings/TED hose and compression device, and move about out of bed as much as possible after surgery to try prevent this complication. Sometimes these clots are superficial and only require heat and time to resolve. Deep clots are more worrisome and may go to the lungs, so they must be treated with hospitalization and blood thinners. Signs of blood clots in the legs are listed below. If you experience any of these symptoms, notify your surgeon as soon as possible.

  • Swelling in thigh, calf, or ankle that does not go down with elevation.
  • Pain, heat, and tenderness in the calf, back of knee, or groin area.
    • NOTE: Blood clots can form in either leg regardless of surgery location.

Prevention of blood clots:

  • Foot and ankle pump exercises
  • Walking
  • Compression stockings
  • Taking blood thinners such as Lovenox and Aspirin

--back to top--

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

An unrecognized blood clot could break away from the vein and travel to the lungs. This is an emergency and you should call 911 if you experience the symptoms listed below.

Signs of pulmonary embolus (Call 911):

  • Sudden chest pain
  • Difficult and/or rapid breathing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • ConfusionPrevention of pulmonary embolus 
  • Prevent blood clot in legs 
  • Recognize a blood clot in the leg and call physician promptly

--back to top--





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